The flow of all fluids, whether liquid or gas, will have one of three states: laminar, turbulent, and transitional. This article discusses flow principles and pressure-based flow measurement. Laminar ...

How do engineers measure the flow of water inside a pipe without opening it? Using Faraday’s law of induction, magnetic flow meters detect tiny voltages created when conductive liquids move through a ...

Hydrogen has long played a key role as an industrial feedstock in petroleum refining, fertilizer production, and chemical manufacturing. However, conventional methods of producing hydrogen generate ...

One of the primary objectives for the application of flow cytometry in any testing environment should be measurement assurance, i.e., the generation of reliable and reproducible results. This goal can ...

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid or gas movement. Volumetric flow rate is sometimes measured in "standard cubic centimeters per minute" (abbreviation sccm), a unit acceptable for ...

These are the type of flow meters that measure the velocity of liquid or gas by using the principle of ultrasound or sounds waves. Fast digital signal processors and sophisticated signal analysis ...

Recent advances in flow sensing have resulted in more accurate, durable, and economical meters. Increasingly important is the ability to interface meters with a computer for instantaneous flow readout ...