This year, the Department of Defense was authorized to spend $34 billion more on research and development than it was two years ago and only $18 billion more on procurement of new aircraft and ships.

Chemists involved in research and development apply their academic knowledge to real-world problems. They develop products that meet a specific need, while factoring in business considerations. If you ...

Lowest level of technology readiness. Scientific research begins to be translated into applied research and development. Examples might include paper studies of a technology’s basic properties.