The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a widely used technique in materials science, particularly in the fabrication of thin films and coatings, as well as the synthesis of advanced materials. It involves ...

Multiscale modelling and control of thin film deposition processes encompass advanced simulation techniques that integrate phenomena occurring over disparate spatial and temporal scales. At the ...

Copper’s resistivity depends on its crystal structure, void volume, grain boundaries and material interface mismatch, which becomes more significant at smaller scales. The formation of copper (Cu) ...

As chips shrink to the nanometer scale, precise control over every fabrication step becomes essential. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a cornerstone of nanoelectronics, enabling the ...