Abstract: Metaheuristics are widely recognized gradient-free solvers to hard problems that do not meet the rigorous mathematical assumptions of conventional solvers. The automated design of ...

Abstract: With the rapid development of the smart grid relying on communication and computer science technology, its vulnerabilities to intentional cyber-attacks are also exposed to cyber-attackers.

An algorithm is a set of instructions that helps computers solve problems. It forms the foundation of programming and plays a major role in software development, artificial intelligence, and modern ...