The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a comprehensive biopsychosocial framework that enables standardised description of functioning, disability, and ...
Symptoms and functional limitations are commonly reported primary outcome measures in ankylosing spondylitis (AS); however, participation has not been widely evaluated, as reflected by the scarcity of ...
Disability assessment and rehabilitative intervention have long relied on clinical observation, self-report scales, and static imaging — tools that, while ...