My perspective is that demand avoidance in Autism and Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) - or “Pervasive Drive for Autonomy” - are caused by different root causes. Understanding which root cause is at play (sensory vs. social communication differences vs. anxiety vs. a survival drive for autonomy and equality) will help you determine how to best support the neurodivergent child or teen 🩷 Not sure if your child is PDA? Our free 6-minute survey can help you figure it out. Comment “PDAQBeta” and

Pathological hope is what keeps the target or victim involved in the abuse cycle for far too long. The harsh but necessary reality is a narcissist can never see beyond their own perspective. A narcissist will never be able to meet your needs or have any empathy at all for you. Pathological hope is like chasing a mirage in the desert that will never come, while slowly disintegrating from thirst. #narcissist #narcissisticabuse #codependency #abuse #abusesurvivor #empath #therapy #survivor #trauma

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